ARGUMENTS (in class notes)

1. Argument: a set of reasons in support of a claim

2. Conclusion: claim intended to be supported by the argument

3. Premise: the claim given as the reason for thinking the conclusion of the argument is true

4. Inductive: to predict the future based on the past

5. Deductive: conditions, stipulations, and extrapolation based on certain general truth

6. Valid: the conclusion is necessarily true

7. Catharsis: Way of purging emotions

FALLACIES ( https://www.iep.utm.edu/fallacy/#H6 )

8. Ad Hominem: an irrelevant attack on the arguer and suggest that this attack undermines the argument itself

9. Appeal to Ignorance: Not knowing that a certain statement is true is taken to be a proof that it is false. Or it can be used in the sense of not knowing that a statement is false is taken to be a proof that it is true. 

10. Appeal to Emotions: when someone’s appeal to you to accept their claim is accepted merely because the appeal arouses your feelings

11. Non Sequitur: When a conclusion is supported only by extremely weak reasons or by irrelevant reasons

12. Red Herring: a digression that leads the reasoner off the track of considering only relevant information

13. Slippery Slope: claims that a first step (in a chain of causes and effects, or a chain of reasoning) will probably lead to a second step that in turn will probably lead to another step and so on until a final step ends in trouble

ART & REALITY (lecture notes)

14. Mimesis: universally known truths

15. Epistemology: study and theory of knowledge

16. Rationalism: epistemological portion that knowledge comes through reason ( not the sense)

17. Methodological doubt: doubt any proposition if there is the slightest reason to do so

18. Skepticism: doubting to the point that you don’t believe knowledge is possible

19. Mind: thinks, doubts, understands, conceives, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, imagines, and feels

20. Dualism: the view mind/soul and body are separate, and mind is independent of the body

21. Form: – essence, idea, type, concept, definition

Freedom and The Meaning of Life (Lecture Notes)

22. Stories: define who we are. Our sense of identify is forged by the stories we tell ourselves, the ones we come to believe and those we choose to dismiss 

23. psychological continuity: a single being that has recorded a series of events

24. narrative: a meaningful way of putting together our psychological continuity

25. Non-effective 1st-order desires: desires that are not effective

26. Effective 1st-order desires: desires that have motivated, are motivating, or will motivate an agent to act

27. First-order desires: desires to do something

Second order:

28. (pt. 1 ) desire for a first-order desire: expressed by statements of the form “A wants to X”, where “to X” refers to a first-order desire

29. (pt. 2) desire for a first-order desire to be effective = second-order volition

30. Frankfurt: your effective first-order desires = your will

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